e-Newsletter - November 2022

Department Events

FY B.Tech Student Orientation Program

On Children's Day, the Department held an orientation and introduction program for First Year B.Tech students on November 14, 2022. The session was guided by Dr. R. K. Munje and coordinated by Prof. J. D Patil. In this Dr. Munje briefed about the department, student and faculty achievements, activities, events, various initiatives, department clubs, etc.   

Student Corner

Workshop on Energy for Irrigation: Focus on LT Network Design

Students of SE Class Jayesh Patil, Omkar Ozarkar, and Siddhesh Kharade participated in a workshop on "Energy for Irrigation: Focus on LT Network Design" organized under the Unnat Maharashtra Abhiyan and IIT Bombay. These students are guided by Prof. Chetan Gadge.

Student Felicitation

Felicitation to the parents of Mr. Shubham Anil Bhalerao for getting placed in a multinational company with the hands of Dr. V. B. Gaikwad at KTHM College, Nashik, on November 11, 2022. 

Felicitation of the 1^st year toppers

Felicitation of the 1^st year toppers in the Orientation Session of F.Y. B.Tech students on 14th November 2022. 

EFFECT Student Body and Avishkar Club

Learning beyond books...

FY B.Tech students are introduced to the EFFECT Student Body and Avishkar Club of the department on 11^th November 2022 by Prof. Nayana Jangle. They presented their creations...

Industry Visit of final year students to 200 kV substation at Kopargaon

Visit of final year students to 200 kV substation at Kopargaon with Prof. A. M. Shewale and Prof. Abhishek Srivastava on 11th November 2022

Industry Visit of final year students to 400 kV substation at Babhaleshwar

Visit of final year students to 400 kV substation at Babhaleshwar with Prof. A. M. Shewale and Prof. Abhishek Srivastava on 11th November 2022. 

Industrial visit to Gauss Electromagnetics, Shinde, Nashik

Industrial visit to Gauss Electromagnetics, Shinde, Nashik for SE students with Prof. Sriniwas and Prof. Badal Kumar on 17^th Nov 2022. The demonstration was done by Ms. Gauri Nambiar.

Students Achievement:

Students from the Department participated in the "Dr. G Padmanabham Memorial Electric Two Wheeler Design Competition-2022" on 17th and 18th Oct 2022 at SRM Institute, Chennai organized by SAE India, and received the following prizes.

Winning Prize details:

1)Overall performance All India Rank second Award (AIR-2): Rs. 50,000/-

2) Best in Design 3rd Award: Rs. 7,500/-

3) Best Faculty advisor Mentor award to Dr. Matsagar Vilas Karbhari received Rs. 5000/-

 ( DST Delhi and SAE India) 

Faculty Corner

Farewell:

Prof. Tanuja Date retired on November 30, 2022. She shared the 32 years of experience in her memory and inspired the young faculty. 

Dr. Abhishek Srivastava completed his Ph.D. from NIT Nagaland on 21st October 2022 in Electrical and Electronics Engineering 

Student Articles:

Load Sharing of Transformers Automatically by using Arduino with GSM

Krushna Tormad, SE (Electrical) Div. A

(krishnatormad@gmail.com)

Abstract— Transformer is a primarily stable device that transmits electric power from one circuit to a different circuit with a change in voltage as well as current at a stable frequency. It is a single device that works at the highest efficiency at full load conditions. However, when exceptional conditions happen like overloading conditions it can lead to serious problems in the future. To get away from this condition we are making use of another standby transformer. This supplies the load when overloading is happen on main transformers, which switch on automatically by use of Arduino. This will result in better efficient loading of both transformers. As well as when the load is in the normal state both transformers can be switched on to supply the load alternately or one by one. This will keep away from thermal overloading of the transformer. As well as this system will provide a proper maintenance facility for both transformers. Whenever the sharing of load on the transformer happens, then the operator gets a message through the use of GSM. All of these advantages will make this system very efficient and more reliable. In this way, the transformer will work efficiently and distribute an uninterrupted power supply.

 

Keywords— Arduino, GSM, Transformer, Sensor,  Relay

 
Introduction

Transformer plays a very important role in an electrical power system it transmits voltage and current at a constant frequency. The transformer is a single device that can work at the highest efficiency at full load conditions. In parallel operation of transformers, a standby transformer is connected in parallel to the supply of the load above the rating of a main transformer. However, when exceptional conditions happen like overloading condition transformer efficiency get reduced. The transformer is a very important component in the electrical power system. When the load is increased beyond the capacity of the transformer and thus overloading occurs and causes damage to the insulation of transformer windings. To avoid this condition, we use a standby transformer which supplies the load when overloading is happen on the main transformer which switches on automatically by Arduino. Sometimes the transformer is loaded beyond its nameplate rating when the faults occur in the power system this type of overloading causes damage to the transformer. Whenever the sharing of load on the transformer happens, then the operator gets a message through the use of GSM. Due to this transformer efficiency and reliability are increased and provide an uninterrupted power supply. Likewise, the problem of supply interruption and overloading, and overheating can be avoided by this load-sharing method. Load sharing It means the main transformer shares the load in normal conditions and if load demand is increasing and the main transformer is not able to fulfill the demand, then another standby transformer is connected parallel with the main transformer to share the load and provide an uninterrupted power supply.

Sometimes in industrial or commercial places also transformers are paralleled to:

·         To improve the reliability of the power system.

·         Supply better power quality.

·         To meet the additional load requirement.

·         Prevent voltage sag.

·         To improve the efficiency of the power system.

Due to load sharing, the transformer is protected from overloading and overheating as it also protects the transformer winding and it provides a power supply without any interruption.

Block diagram

Methodology

The transformer is a very important device in the electrical power system so it is necessary to protect the transformer from overloading and overheating due to the overloading and overheating the transformer efficiency decreases and winding may damage or maybe burnt or also reduces the lifespan of the transformer winding due to this interruption in power supply occurs. It is a very huge problem in the power system. So to protect the transformer and avoid this condition we connect transformers in parallel to share the load by using Arduino. Basically, Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use software and hardware. It can read inputs. We can tell the Arduino board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so we use the Arduino programming language (based on wiring), and the Arduino software (IDE), based on processing. Arduino is very simple too. In the automatic load-sharing system two transformers are used. Only one transformer is operating to feed the load & another transformer connected parallel is called Auxiliary Transformer. This auxiliary Transformer is connected through Relay and Circuit Breaker. The current Transformer measures the load current continuously and feeds it to the Arduino. As the load demand increases (maximum load level is entered by the user) the single transformer would not be able to feed the entire load. When the load current increases beyond the reference value the Arduino will give a signal to the relay to energize the relay coil. & Auxiliary Transformer will connect in parallel. Both Transformers share the load equally & without Interruption. Whenever the sharing of load on the transformer happens, then the operator gets a message through the use of GSM. Basically, GSM (A global system for mobile communication) is a type of hardware device. It is designed for wireless radiation monitoring through SMS. It is used for sending and receiving SMS. If the load increases beyond the capacity of two Transformers, then Both Transformers will be shut down. When the load comes to the normal value, a main transformer will be shut down because the main transformer was connected to the system, this avoids thermal loading and the power supply is provided by a standby transformer to avoid interruption of supply. By providing alternating switching the Transformer can be cooled by the natural method. If the transformers are connected in parallel we can shut down any one of them for maintenance purposes. Due to this efficiency of the system will increase and it provide an uninterrupted power supply.

Conditions for parallel operation of the transformer are:

·         Transformers have the same voltage ratio and turn ratio

·         Same percentage impedance and X/R ratio

·         Same polarity

·         Same KVA rating

·         Same phase sequence

Parallel operation of transformer

 Same voltage ratio and turn ratio :

Transformers have the same voltage ratio or turn ratio because if the transformer has a different voltage or turn ratio the induced secondary voltage of them will be different so it will cause damage to the winding or power loss in the transformer.

·         Same percentage impedance and X/R ratio :

Transformers may have the same per-unit impedance and different X/R ratios. The same percentage impedance implies load sharing in proportion to their KVA rating. If X/R ratios are different total line current will not appear to be the sum of transformer currents which implies reduced combined capacity.

·         Same polarity :

Transformers have always the same polarity otherwise, the enormous flow of current will flow in the transformer but no load will be fed from these transformers. The direction of induced emf in the secondary of the transformer is indicated by polarity.

·         Same KVA rating :

In the parallel operation of the transformer, the load sharing depends on the KVA rating. If the KVA rating is different the load shared by the transformer is unequal. If the transformer has the same KVA rating then the transformer shares the equal load.

·         Same phase sequence :

The same phase sequence is required in the transformer because if the phase sequence is not the same it causes a short circuit of each pair of phases in every cycle.

Component details

Table 1: Electrical components specification of working

Sr.no	Components	Specification
	Transformer	230V-12V
	Capacitor	Electrolyte 25vdc
	Voltage regulator	7805, 7812
	Resistor	1K, 10K
	Diode	IN4007
	Relay	SPDT 12v dc
	LCD	16×2
	Arduino	-
	GSM	-

Advantages 

The advantages of load sharing of the transformer using Arduino are mentioned below.

1)      Provides power supply to the consumer without any interruption.

2)      The load is shared by transformers automatically.

3)      It protects the transformer from overloading and overheating.

4)      No manual errors are taking place in this system.

 

Conclusion 

In this consequently manner we conclude that the automatic load-sharing system provides an uninterrupted power supply and this system protects the transformer from overloading and overheating due to this system efficiency and reliability are also increased and also lessen by human involvement. This system also provides alternating switching to the transformer and because of this, it can be cooled by natural method. Due to this power supply is provided without any interruption.

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

                                     Mayur Gajananrao Dhande (B.Tech Electrical), Div. N,  

                                              (mayurdhande402@gmail.com) 

Wireless power transfer (WPT)

Wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission (WET), or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link. In a wireless power transmission system, a transmitter device, driven by electric power from a power source, generates a time-varying electromagnetic field, which transmits power across space to a receiver device, which extracts power from the field and supplies it to an electrical load. The technology of wireless power transmission can eliminate the use of wires and batteries, thus increasing the mobility, convenience, and safety of an electronic device for all users. Wireless power transfer is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or not possible.

An inductive charging pad for a smartphone is an example of near-field wireless transfer. When the phone is set on the pad, a coil in the pad creates a magnetic field that induces a current in another coil, in the phone, charging its battery.

Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, near-field and far-field. In the near field or non-radiative techniques, power is transferred over short distances by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire, or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology; its applications include charging handheld devices like phones and electric toothbrushes, RFID tags, induction cooking, and wirelessly charging or continuous wireless power transfer in implantable medical devices like artificial cardiac pacemakers or electric vehicles.

In far-field or radiative techniques, also called power beaming, power is transferred by beams of electromagnetic radiation, like microwaves or laser beams. These techniques can transport energy longer distances but must be aimed at the receiver. Proposed applications for this type include solar power satellites and wireless-powered drone aircraft.

An important issue associated with all wireless power systems is limiting the exposure of people and other living beings to potentially injurious electromagnetic fields.

 

Literature Review

Project Background:

Fossil fuels have been facing reduction with time and the generation of power is becoming a bigger challenge. Talking about renewable sources, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by using photovoltaic panels is prioritized. The watts delivered by the solar panel are directly proportional to the relative angle of the sun about the earth. Thus, the delivery of the watts is reduced when this relative angle changes. In this regard, the efficiency of the PV panel can be increased by using a solar tracking system. The payload is moved towards the sun by solar trackers 2 the day.

This project highlights different forms of tracking systems as well as their pros. The main types of tracking systems are either single-axis solar trackers or dual-axis solar trackers. The single-axis system depends on a single horizontal or vertical axis. The direction of the axis is based on the location of the system where it is going to be placed. The dual axis is a system that includes both a horizontal and vertical axle. This type of tracking system can track the motion of the sun exactly around the world in any location.